Editi a paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Editi a paper - Essay Example First, living abroad might destroy a person`s mother tongue. The other factor is abandoning the language. It is a known fact that a the surrounding environment significantly influences affects the process of language acquisition of a language. When a child`s parents move to another country for specific purposes, the child will is likely to acquire the other country`s language. When living abroad there is a big chance that people lose their language to some degree. Such instances of losing one’s own mother tongue on account of migration are quite common. Some might lose everything about the language and others might lose some skills such as writing formally or speaking properly. However, the degree of loss is relative; some may completely forget their mother tongues or their first language while others may retain parts of it. In cases where the migrants practice their traditions in their adoptive country, they are far more likely to retain their first language and acquire the second one, i.e., the language widely spoken in the foreign country to which they have relocated. Some fam ilies try to keep their traditions by using their native language abroad. In other meaning, when they speak to a family member they use their native language and by this way they maintain the language. Throughout the history we have seen witnessed instances and / or read about people who lost their language because they did not use it anymore. They lived abroad and started using and learning the host country`s language. I have two friends who were born in the United State and spent six years in the US. They came back to Saudi Arabia and enrolled in school at the age of six and at that time there were no English subject taught in elementary schools. When they were By the time they attained the age of 12 at the age of 12, they have had forgotten most of their acquired language i.e., English and they struggled to learn the language and found it extremely

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay Example for Free

Analyzing Psychological Disorders Essay A psychiatric or psychological disorder is a disorder of psychological function severe enough to warrant treatment by a psychiatrist or clinical psychologist. Schizophrenia, emotional disorders, Anxiety and Tourette’s syndrome are all classified as psychiatric disorders. The distinguishing line between neuropsychological disorders and psychiatric disorders is quite thin. Though the two types of disorders are a result of a dysfunctional brain, the malfunctions which create psychiatric disorders remain undefined. Psychiatric disorders are often linked to environmental factors as well as dysfunction of the brain. As psychological research advances, treatments and a better understanding of psychiatric disorders comes to bear. The term schizophrenia means a psychic break or â€Å"splitting of psychic function†. (Pinel, 2007). The NIH National Library of Medicine web site defines schizophrenia as having five different categories: catatonic, disorganized, paranoid, residual, and undifferentiated. (NIH National Library of Medicine, 2008). Each category of the disorder has a specific set of symptoms that is mostly unique to that category of the disorder, but schizophrenia in general creates a delusional picture of reality which disrupts the person’s behavior, logic and emotions. A good example of schizophrenia and the related dissociative disorders are the movie Sybil or the more recent film A Beautiful Mind, and another fine example is the television show United States of Tara. Both movies and the Showtime network’s series depict the lives of a person suffering with schizophrenia or dissociative disorders. Neuroleptics and antipsychotic drugs are known to alleviate symptoms associated with schizophrenia. Clozapine is a type of neuroleptic that does not produce side effects like those associated with Parkinsons disease. The medication is known to cause blood disorders. Neuroleptic medication is used to block the dopamine receptors though it takes time for the drug to lessen schizophrenic symptoms. Though neuroleptics help schizophrenics, only certain patients do benefit from the relief these drugs can offer. Schizophrenic patients suffering from hallucinations and incoherence react to the medication; however; schizophrenics suffering from cognitive defects are not affected. The NIH National Library of Medicine web site mentioned atypical antipsychotics have proven to treat symptoms for schizophrenia  with few side effects and is the best option for those suffering with schizophrenia. (NIH National Library of Medicine, 2008). A surgeon in the 1950’s and early 1960’s used a drug called chlorpromazine on patients to alleviate swelling prior to surgery. The doctor noticed that the medicine acted as a calming agent and recommended chlorpromazine to relax hard to control psychotic patients. Chlorpromazine did not assuage the symptoms of psychosis, but the medicine showed potential for easing some symptoms in schizophrenic patients. During the research process the side effects of chlorpromazine which are symptoms of Parkinsons disease were evident. Researchers concluded that people suffering from Parkinsons disease die from a minute level of dopamine. Schizophrenics display a high-level of dopamine. Therefore Parkinsons and Schizophrenia seem to be on the opposite end of the spectrum. A breakthrough emerged in the dopamine theory with Carlsson and Lindqvist. The duo studied the Chlorpromazine in relation to schizophrenia and revised the dopamine theory of schizophrenia. Chlorpromazine was found to block dopamine receptors instead of the original theory of reducing dopamine levels. Therefore, the duo concluded through research that schizophrenia was  not due to high-levels of dopamine, but with over activity at the dopamine receptors. (Pinel, 2007). Emotional disorders are another form of a psychiatric disorder. Emotional disorders include: bipolar disorder, depression, and mania. Depression is classified as a state of unbearable sadness. At some point in a persons life one will encounter a period of depression due to a tragedy such as loss of a loved one, poor health, or a series of bad luck. However, most people will break through the grip of depression and return to a normal life. Those with depression have a hard time seeing anything in a positive light. Depression ruins relationships at work and in the home; the disease also takes over the person making it difficult to engage in a normal day-to-day routine. Mania is the opposite of depression and is linked to high energy and impulse. A person suffering from mania appears to be full of energy or â€Å"hopped up† on energy drinks like Red-Bull and caffeine; they are filled with such enthusiasm, have boundless energy and talk fast. Though it sounds like an exceptional  thing to be constantly in a good spirits there is a negative side to the disorder. Impulsiveness is a part of mania and many suffers act on impulse not thinking before they do anything. The end result is unfinished projects, bills that cannot be paid, and relationships ruined. A person who suffers from manic episodes and depression episodes is diagnosed with bipolar disorder. There are two theories created to explain the causes of emotional disorders. According to Pinel (2007), The monoamine theory of depression holds that depression is associated with under-activity at serotonergic and noradrenergic synapses. It is based on the fact that monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors, and selective norepinephrinereuptake inhibitors are all agonists  of serotonin, norepinephrine, or both. The second theory is Diathesis-Stress model. The second theory focuses on genetic predispositions of a person as well as environmental factors that influence the disorder. This means that people who have stress early on will overreact to stressful situations later in life in turn causing depression. (Pinel, 2007). There are four types of medicine used to treat emotional disorders. Iproniazid is a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) initially used to treat tuberculosis but failed. On the contrary the patients did not have as many depressive thoughts about the illness. Iproniazid has severe effects when combined with tyramine rich foods. Imipamine is a tricyclic antidepressant which has proven to be more effective than MAOI’s. The next medication is Lithium which was shown to alleviate symptoms of mania. The discovery was made when a researcher tested guinea pigs and the results proved to calm them. Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer in bi-polar patients since it blocks the patient from transitioning between extreme highs and lows. The fourth medicine used more commonly in recent years is selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The most common of the SSRI’s are Prozac, Zoloft and Paxil. The SSRI’s are reported to have few side effects and are able to treat multiple disorders. (Pinel, 2007). Anxiety is chronic fear that persists in the absence of any direct threat. (Pinel, 2007). Anxiety is accompanied by rapid heartbeat, heavy or difficulty breathing and high blood pressure. There are five  types of anxiety disorders including: general anxiety, phobias, obsessive compulsiveness, panic, and post traumatic stress disorder. Theories involving anxiety disorders presume the amygdala has a role in anxiety disorders. The brain’s involvement in anxiety is cloudy at best since each patient tested shows different results. (Pinel, 2007). Benzodiazepines and serotonin agonists are the most effective medications used to combat anxiety. Valium and Librium are two of the most commonly prescribed medications, though they tend to make the patient drowsy. The medicine is  also known to be highly addictive and is recommended only for short-term usage. Buspirone is a serotonin agonist which relaxes the body and causes sleepiness. (Pinel, 2007). Tourette’s syndrome is known for involuntary movements or sounds known as tics. The Cedars-Sinai web site notes that the tics can vary from body movements and vocal tics. The tics can be a little as involuntary eye blinking or more noticeable yelling of obscene words or phrases. Little is known as to the cause of Tourette’s, however there is speculation that the limbic cortex, association cortex and thalamus are connected to the disorder. (Pinel, 2007). With the cause still a mystery there is no cure for Tourette’s, but though counseling, relaxation therapy and hypnosis healthcare professionals can help treat the disorder. (Cedars-Sinai. 2008). Psychiatric disorders vary in many ways. Schizophrenia affects the brain and causes hallucinations, emotional disorders affect a persons mood in extreme ways, and anxiety causes fear and health issues, while Tourette’s causes tics ranging from subtle to severe. Over time psychological advances in research and treatment have been made allowing professionals in the field to effectively treat each disorder. References CEDARS-SINAI. (2008). Tourettes syndrome. Retrieved June 10, 2009, from http://www.csmc.edu/5540.html NIH National Library of Medicine. (2008). Medical Encyclopedia: Schizophrenia. Retrieved June 9, 2009, from http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/000928.htm Pinel, J. P. J. (2007). Basics of Biopsychology. Boston, MA. Allyn and Bacon.

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Example for Free

Corporate Social Responsibility Essay Today doing business is no longer a matter of creating the best products or making the most profit, it has developed to a matter of how? Due to scandals including child labour, poor working conditions and neglect of safety and health regulations, companies worldwide have been forced to revaluate their moral and ethical standards. Consumers are now caring about much more than just the product, which compel companies to monitor manufactures, secure labour standards and to be aware of the environment. This new phenomenon is called Corporate Social Responsibility or by its shortening CSR. Some companies like HM or Zara have rejected to be involved in CSR. Others have taken CSR to a whole new level. Nike Inc. has during the past years not only followed the recent development within CSR but the apparel mastodon has also evolved to be a role model. Nike has as many other companies renewed their supply chain and methods of manufacturing. Their newest motto â€Å"Innovative for a better world† describes their efforts at the most, but their new system of ranking manufactures, their Materials Sustainability Index that provides designers with information on the potential environmental impact of the products they use, recycling program of old shoes and their new manufacturing process of their recent shoe â€Å"Flyknit† with minimal waste speaks for it self. Nike has with these investments proved they are willing to â€Å"Innovate for a better world† but how does it affect Nikes marketing environment and will these investments comply with the overall concept: Making money? Nike is market leader within athletic products worldwide and is considered the 26th most powerful brand by Forbes. The athletic brand has an annual turn over on 21.8 billion dollars and spends 2.7 billion dollars on advertising every year. The importance of Nike is not to be mistaken. Therefore their latest investments in CSR are a huge boost to the issue. Many huge companies such as HM and Zara have rejected to invest in CSR although their have been numerous scandals of poor working condition and child labour, which shows not all companies are willing to invest in sustainability and social causes. Nike has actually been involved in such  scandals, but denied all accusations. Nike has however with these new methods shut up all the critics. The company has been known for innovate shoes and closes to new standards and has used their strength in innovation to create new business methods: â€Å"Our vision is clear: to help NIKE, Inc. and our consumers thrive in a sustainable economy where people, profit and planet are in balance† . Nike is, according to this quote, trying to accomplish the almost impossible and create a win–win situation for the company it self and its marketing environment. But is this possible? I believe so! They have created better work conditions for employees of their manufactures because of the pressure Nike has put on theme. Nike rate the manufactures with gold, silver and bronze medals and have set the goal of all manufactures should have a bronze medal by 2020. And although Nike has made huge investments in innovating their products to new manufacturing and product standards with focus on low environmental damage and a lot of recycling and therefore probably raised their prices, consumers actually stand by Nikes new methods although raised prices usually do not get the approval of the average consumer. Nikes revenue has increased from 18,528 million dollar in 2009 to 25,313 million dollar in the fiscal year of 2013. This could be caused by the increased prices of their products but Nikes return on invested capital has followed the same development and has increased from 17.8 % in 2009 to 23,8 % in the fiscal year of 2013. What is more, all this is accomplished during a very difficult financial period, which only gives Nike extra credit. Furthermore Nike is increasing the competitive situation when they implement other competitive parameters than just product or price. Nike is also forcing the consumers to make a choice: Cheap products manufactured by brands, who do not have the same CSR – profile as Nike and therefore do not care about sustainability, the environment or employees of the manufactures, who often work under poor conditions and put their lives on the risk every day, just to make some close or Nike who are trying to do the right thing and change these things. I am a big fan of Nike’s new manufacturing methods! They seem to have made  the impossible and made a win – win situation. They keep innovating new clothing and shoes, which becomes popular the moment it hits the market. And they accomplish this wonder contemporary with investing in better work conditions, sustainability and low environmental damage. Additionally they keep improving their accounting figures, even in difficult financial times! Absolutely amazing in my opinion! B: Blog Then it happened again. A huge company forgot to do their research properly. We have seen it before when the Japanese car manufacturing giant Mazda named their car â€Å"MR2†, which means faeces in the French language or when Warner Brothers named their new big movie wonder â€Å"Free Willy†, which is not the nicest word in the British language. This time it was the American athletic brand Nike, which released their new shoe â€Å"Black and Tan† close to St. Patrick’s Day. It was a tribute to the huge beer brewery Guiness, which also inspires the shoe, which includes an illustration of a beer in the sole. Usually that kind of shoe would have been popular among the beer loving Irish people. But Nike’s marketing people forgot one thing: The Black and Tan was a violent British paramilitary, which ravaged the Irish independence wars and among this the atrocities of Bloody Sunday. Not a name you want to use for a shoe honoring the Irish peoples most favo rite company. And Nike has experienced the consequences of the mistake. Nike has put a lot of money into innovating and advertising the shoe, which only makes the fault bigger. Some simple research or a Googling of â€Å"Black and Tan† could have averted the problem. Nike has now made a shoe to tribute Guiness that they cannot sell in Ireland. It may have ruined Nikes reputation and brand in Ireland and it has cost Nike million of dollars in manufacturing the shoe and may even cost billions of dollars in losses of future sales in Ireland. Hopefully Nike and other companies have learned their lesson and in the future understand the importance of cultural research.

Factors affecting customer perception of Nestle in Pakistan

Factors affecting customer perception of Nestle in Pakistan Research Paradigm: My research is qualitative as well as quantitative. The major portion of the research is qualitative as most of the data is non-numeric, used in theory building, having small sample size and the results are not generalized. The assessment of income levels are covered under quantitative paradigm. Basic information is qualitative in nature but I have operationalised all the variables to measure them quantitatively. I have measured the scores using nominal and ordinal scales. E.g. for measuring the scores of customer perception i have used the Likert scale where score ranges from 1, indicating strongly disagree , to 5, very strongly agree. Therefore in mine research both approaches are moving side by side. My research is deductive as i have stated the problem statement initially and then have broken down the statement into parts research questions. i selected the sample size of 18 and have made a sampling framework and questionnaire, collected the data and analyzed it using SPSS and qualitative methods and have made conclusions. It is interpretive research as i have taken samples data and then interpret it according to peoples thinking, knowledge and preferences, this suggest more flexible approach to data collection. The research is non-experimental as i did not focus on the control or focus group. i have conducted the research for existing group i.e. Social Economic Classes. The survey is conducted in natural setting the sampling technique is the non probability sampling technique , and i have used convenience and quota sampling for this purpose ( see figure 1) The research is mixture of descriptive and exploratory research as it describes the factors affecting customer perception and exploratory as measures the magnitude and direction of relations between variables. The Research Objective This research is significant for Nestle as they can judge the perception of their customers and to judge how customer respond when company launches new variant, nestle can use it for analyzing the acceptability of iron added milk. It can also analyze the product life cycle stages and can make defensive strategies to maintain its position as a market leader like nestle this study is useful for any packaged milk company as it can use it for competitor analysis. Furthermore, any company who want to launch iron added milk in the market can use it for checking customer response and perception of customers. i will analyze the factors that make up customers perception; companies can work on those factors to make their products differentiated from the market. Data Preparation, Reduction and transformation: The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect customer perception leading towards purchase decision about Nestle Milkpak with Iron. We extracted some factors from literature review and used those factors in building questionnaire. The extracted factors are customer knowledge, quality, availability, price, promotion, packaging and positioning. These factors lead to customer perception which ultimately leads to the purchase decision of Milkpak with Iron. Each factor is used in multiple questions in order to extract result from different dimensions. For instance, customer perception is operationalised through questions 9 and 14 of the questionnaire. (See questionnaire in Appendix) Coneceptual Framework Detailed Framework Customer Perception Customer Sophistication Customer Knowledge Importance of Iron for body Milkpak Iron Brand Image Quality Packaging Purchase Decision Milk Benefits Promotion The independent variables are; Promotion, Packaging, Quality, Brand, Importance of Iron for body, Customer Sophistication, Benefits, Milk, Customer Knowledge, Milkpak. These variables can affect the level of intensity in the dependent variable Perception which ultimately leads towards another dependent variable i.e. Purchase Decision. The above variables are operationalized through questionnaire using different scales. The summary of operationalization is given below: Factors Question Numbers Operationalization Tools (Scales) Functionality Q14 Ordinal scale Price Q10 Ordinal scale Packaging Q11 Ordinal Scale Availability Q13 Ordinal Scale Benefits Q9 Ordinal Scale Brand recall Q4, Q5,Q6 Nominal Scale Milk and Milkpak usage Q2, Q3,Q7,Q8 Nominal Scale Purchase Q1, Q13 Nominal Scale For data collection i have approached members from three SECs (Socio-Economic Classes) who use milkpak with iron. i divided my samples in two age groups the young one between age of 16 to 30 and the aged group ranging from 30 to 45. The rationale behind selection of these two groups is their influence on Purchase decision. i approached individuals using milkpak with iron. The questionnaire i prepared contained the nominal and ordinal scales. Initial questions of questionnaire are about the usage, purchase pattern and brand recall. The scale used for this purpose is the nominal scale. The last consists of the question which is measured by Ordinal Scale. Analysis: i have made descriptive stats for analysis in the beginning .In the initial questions i have calculated the central tendency and frequencies to find how Milkpak with iron is positioned as well as to find purchase intention and retention level of its users. For the second half of our report i have used inferential statistics. i have stated our null and alternative hypothesis. Then i checked the level of significance and found the correlation between customer perception and individual factors which make up customer perception. (See our data sheet in annexure) Descriptive Statistics: My first question in survey is about the retail outlet. The rationale for including this question is that i can analyze from which SEC (A, B or C) and age group, the customer belongs. It can help companies to give better understanding from where the target market shops. Companies can apply better promotional techniques on those outlets to have a competitive edge. From the data given below i observed that my target market purchase milk from departmental and general stores. Purchase Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Departmental Store 5 27.8 27.8 27.8 Super Market 3 16.7 16.7 44.4 General Store 5 27.8 27.8 72.2 Retail Store 1 5.6 5.6 77.8 Pharmacy 4 22.2 22.2 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Second and third question is about the average consumption of packaged milk and Milkpak consumption. These questions help the company to make distribution strategies according to the demand of SKUs Statistics consumption Consumption Of Milkpak N Valid 18 18 Missing 0 0 Mean 3.6111 2.6667 Consumption of Packaged Milk Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 Liter 4 22.2 22.2 22.2 1.5 Liter 3 16.7 16.7 38.9 2 Liters 7 38.9 38.9 77.8 Any other 4 22.2 22.2 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Consumption of Milkpak Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1/2 Liters 5 27.8 27.8 27.8 1 Liter 6 33.3 33.3 61.1 2 Liters 4 22.2 22.2 83.3 Any other 3 16.7 16.7 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 From the above data i concluded that the average consumption of packaged milk is 3.6 and average consumption of Milkpak with iron is 2.66. Demand for packaged milk SKU is more for 2Liters pack and demand for 1Liter Milkpak pack is more than other SKUs. Question number 4, 5 and 6 are designed to test brand recall and evaluation of advertising campaigns of MilkPak with Iron compared to other brands. Question number 4 evaluates the likability of Ads of milkpak as compared to other brands, fifth question evaluates the add frequency and question number 6 evaluates brand recall. Likability of Ads: Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Olpers 11 61.1 61.1 61.1 Good Milk 1 5.6 5.6 66.7 Nestle Milkpak With iron 5 27.8 27.8 94.4 Any Other 1 5.6 5.6 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Frequency of Ads Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Hala 1 5.6 5.6 5.6 Haleeb 1 5.6 5.6 11.1 Olpers 10 55.6 55.6 66.7 Good Milk 1 5.6 5.6 72.2 Nestle Milkpak With iron 4 22.2 22.2 94.4 Any Other 1 5.6 5.6 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Brand Recall Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Today 1 5.6 5.6 5.6 Within Last 7 Days 9 50.0 50.0 55.6 Within this Month 4 22.2 22.2 77.8 More than a month Ago 4 22.2 22.2 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 From the above data i have analyzed that the likeability, Recall and Ad frequency of Nestle milkpak with iron is less than Olpers which is the direct competitor of Milkpak, but is more than other brands in the market. According to the table of brand Recall more than 50% of the respondents have seen the ad in the week the response is taken. Question 7 and 8 measure the usage of Milkpak compared to other brands. Question number 8 is more specific it measures the how many people use milkpak for other uses like for making desserts more than other brands Usage of MilkPak as compared to other brands Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Olpers 7 38.9 38.9 38.9 Good Milk 1 5.6 5.6 44.4 Nestle Milkpak With iron 8 44.4 44.4 88.9 Any Other 2 11.1 11.1 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Usage of Milkpak for alternative purposes Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid Haleeb 2 11.1 11.1 11.1 Olpers 4 22.2 22.2 33.3 Candia 1 5.6 5.6 38.9 Gourmet 1 5.6 5.6 44.4 Nurpur 1 5.6 5.6 50.0 Nestle Milkpak With iron 7 38.9 38.9 88.9 Any Other 2 11.1 11.1 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 From the data and charts given above i have inferred that people use Milkpak more than other brands either for dessert making or for taking milk. Frequency of Milkpak is more than other brands in both cases. Question 13 is about the purchase intention, recommendation and brand switching. For these questions yes is coded as 1, No as 2, dont know as 3. First table evaluates purchase intention. In this table 77% of the Respondents say that they will repurchase the brand. Second table describes that 72% of the Respondents will refer this brand to others. Third table describes the switching trend if respondents will not find this brand. This is alarming for the company that respondents may switch. Company should strive hard to increase its brand loyalty. Purchase Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1 14 77.8 77.8 77.8 2 3 16.7 16.7 94.4 3 1 5.6 5.6 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Refer Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1.00 13 72.2 72.2 72.2 2.00 3 16.7 16.7 88.9 3.00 2 11.1 11.1 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Switching Frequency Percent Valid Percent Cumulative Percent Valid 1.00 14 77.8 77.8 77.8 2.00 4 22.2 22.2 100.0 Total 18 100.0 100.0 Inferential Statistics: In this part i have found the correlation between customer perception and the factors which make up the customer perception. There are five factors which make up the customer perception which i have included in our research. These factors include functionality, price, promotion, availability and benefits. i have used SPSS for finding correlations. For interpretation two important aspects are magnitude and direction of correlation. Coefficient of correlation is the magnitude of correlation and sign of coefficient of correlation determines the direction of correlation. Method of Correlation and coefficient of correlation: my data is not normally distributed so i will use Kendalls tau-b Correlation coefficients range in value from -1 (a perfect negative relationship) and +1 (a perfect positive relationship). A value of 0 indicates no linear relationship Test of Significance: If the relationship is known in advance i can use one tailed but here i dont know the relation in advance so i will use two tailed Probabilities. Flag significant correlations: Correlation coefficients significant at the 0.05 level are identified with a single asterisk, and those significant at the 0.01 level are identified with two asterisks. The data sheet is given below. In this sheet i have included customer perception and factors affecting customer perception. Hypothesis Statement 1: H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no relationship between customer perception and functionality. H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a relationship between Customer Perception and Functionality. Nonparametric Correlations Functionality and perception: Functionality Perception Kendalls tau_b Functionality Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .431(*) Sig. (2-tailed) . .018 N 18 18 Perception Correlation Coefficient .431(*) 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) .018 . N 18 18 * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Interpretation: Magnitude: The correlation coefficient between functionality and customer perception is 0.431 which is nearly moderate. Direction: The sign with coefficient of correlation is positive which shows there is a direct relation between them which shows, as Functionality increases perception gets strong Significance: The significance level i defined was 0.05 and table shows the significance level of 0.018 which is less than 0.05 so i will reject our null hypothesis and will say that there is a positive relationship between Functionality and Perception. Hypothesis Statement 2: H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no relationship between Customer Perception and Price. H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is relationship between customer perception and price Nonparametric Correlations Price and perception: Perception Price Kendalls tau_b Perception Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .628(**) Sig. (2-tailed) . .000 N 18 18 Price Correlation Coefficient .628(**) 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 . N 18 18 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Interpretation: Magnitude: The correlation coefficient between price and customer perception is 0.628 which is nearly moderate. Direction: The sign with coefficient of correlation is positive which shows there is a direct relation between them. As price increases people perceive, its quality is getting better. Significance: The significance level i defined was 0.01 and table shows the significance level of 0.00 which is less than 0.01 so i will reject my null hypothesis and will say that there is a positive correlation between Price and Perception. Price of Milkpak plays important role in its perception and positioning. Hypothesis Statement 3: H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no a relationship between Customer Perception and Promotion. H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a relationship between customer perception and promotion. Nonparametric Correlations Promotion and perception: Perception Promotion Kendalls tau_b Perception Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .415(*) Sig. (2-tailed) . .026 N 18 18 Promotion Correlation Coefficient .415(*) 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) .026 . N 18 18 * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Interpretation: Magnitude: The correlation coefficient between promotion and customer perception is 0.415 which is nearly moderate. Direction: The sign with coefficient of correlation is positive which shows there is a direct relation between them. As promotion increases perception of people get better. Significance: The significance level i defined was 0.05 and table shows the significance level of 0.026 which is less than 0.05 so i will reject our null hypothesis and will say that there is a positive correlation between Promotion and Perception. Hypothesis Statement 4: H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no relationship between Customer Perception and availability. H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a relationship between customer perception and availability. Nonparametric Correlations Availability and perception: Perception Availability Perception Kendalls tau_b Correlation 1 .572(*) .013 N 18 18 Availibility Kendalls tau_b Correlation .572(*) 1 Sig. (2-tailed) .013 N 18 18 * Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed). Interpretation: Magnitude: The correlation coefficient between availability and customer perception is 0.572 which is nearly moderate. Direction: The sign with coefficient of correlation is positive which shows there is a direct relation between them. People perceive it as a good brand if its available in their locality or they find it on the stores from where they shop Significance: The significance level i defined was 0.05 and table shows the significance level of 0.013 which is less than 0.05 so i will reject my null hypothesis and will say that there is a positive correlation between availability and Perception. Hypothesis Statement 5: H0 (Null Hypothesis): There is no relationship between customer perception and Benefits. H1 (Alternative Hypothesis): There is a relationship between customer perception and benifits. Nonparametric Correlations Benefits and perception: Perception Benefits Kendalls tau_b Perception Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .669(**) Sig. (2-tailed) . .000 N 18 18 Benefits Correlation Coefficient .669(**) 1.000 Sig. (2-tailed) .000 . N 18 18 ** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed). Interpretation: Magnitude: The correlation coefficient between benefits and customer perception is 0.669 which is nearly moderate. Direction: The sign with coefficient of correlation is positive which shows there is a direct relation between them. As there are more benefits people perceive it as a better product. Significance: The significance level i defined was 0.01 and table shows the significance level of 0.00 which is less than 0.01 so i will reject our null hypothesis and will say that there is a positive correlation between Benefits and Perception. Findings This research is significant for Nestle as they can judge the perception of their customers. Data analysis has given outputs for the factors that were extracted from literature review and then measured through questionnaires. Following results are inferred from the data analysis: Mostly purchases are made from the departmental and general store. Mostly selling SKU of Milkpak is 1 liter while the average consumption of milk per day is 2 liters for most of the respondents. Most of the people like Olpers ad while Milkpaks ad likeability is at 2nd rank. The people, who are not a regular user of Milkpak, prefer Milkpak for desserts. The most important factor among all the independent factors that effect customer perception is Milkpak Benefits. Most of the respondents say that they will repurchase the brand. Most of the respondents say that they will refer this brand further to others. Most of the people are likely to switch in case of Milkpak unavailability. Explanation and Reflection The findings are based upon the following extracted facts: Most of the respondents buy Milkpak from departmental and general store which reflects that Nestle must give special attention to the availability of Milkpak in such stores. The mean usage of milk is 3.6 in which the consumption of Milkpak is 2.6. The average use of milk per day is 2 liters in which 1 liter is of Milkpak. The usage behaviour of Milkpak is 44.4% with frequency 8 as compared to Olpers (38.9% and 7 respectively). Milkpaks ad likeability is 27.8% with frequency of 5 (among respondents) as compared to Olpers likeability and frequency i.e. 61.1 and 11 respectively. The advertisement ratio of Milkpak is 22.2% with frequency 4 as compared to Olpers i.e. 55.6% and 10 respectively. Olpers, stepped into the market by launching a massive campaign featuring some of the biggest stars in Pakistan. Billboards went up at key locations in the major cities, and soon the brand had become a voice above the media clutter-a voice that differentiated Olpers brand from the others. This heavy media campaigning has led Olpers to position it strongly in the minds of customers and to grab market share within few years and is now the biggest competitors of Milkpak. Milkpak must take this position and promotion factor into account in order to retain its customers. 77% of the Respondents say that they will repurchase the brand which shows customer satisfaction and trust towards Milkpak. 72% respondents are willing to refer Milkpak to others which shows high recommendation rate and is beneficial for Milkpak. The only alarming statistics in purchase factor is its loyalty measure and intension to switch to other brands. 77% of the respondents are of the view that they will switch to other brand in case of unavailability. This vulnerability shows the lack of customer loyalty towards Milkpak and importance of distribution network for packaged milk brands. This problem can be coped by introducing customer loyality programs and better positioning strategies. Relationship of Factors with Customer Perception The magnitude of our all independent variables i.e. functionality, price, promotion, availability and benifits is 0.431, 0.628, 0.415, 0.572 and 0.669 respectively. The correlation range of all the factors with customer perception is moderate. The maximum magnitude is of benefits (0.669) which shows that the perception is affected through benefits the most. For instance, Milkpaks taste, purity, density and nutrition are the factors which the respondents prefer when they have to make decision about Milk and the data shows that most of the respondents are of the opinion that Milkpak provide all of these factors. The minimum magnitude is of promotion (0.415) which shows that Milkpaks advertisement is not that creative. They have to increase their promotional budget in order to position themselves more strongly as compared to the other brands. For instance, Olpers spend a lot on Below the Line (BTL) promotional activities for example, activities like reaching out to the different locations in various cities and having the housewives participate in learning and showcasing milk-based recipes which intends to create and maintain loyalty amongst the brands users. Milkpak must also adopt such promotional activites instead of traditional TV campaigning in order to increase the customer perception and loyalty regarding Nestle Milkpak brand. Limitations and Mistakes Following are the limitations of my report. Time Span People are reluctant to respond Access to data Cost (Paid Articles) Generalizability Lack of Expertise As it is a pilot study and I am not expert, i did not have idea that how i will relate the proposal with the original findings, i found number of lacking in my proposal, so to make it perfect, i had to make some changes in our research questions, conceptual framework and hypothesis as well and finally with come up with this report.

Morality and Destiny in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Morality and Destiny in Othello   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  They are questions as old as civilization itself. Does man have control over his own destiny? Is man ultimately held accountable for his actions by a higher power? Within the plays of William Shakespeare can be found such fundamental questions and conflicts of humanity, as well as situations, attitudes, and problems that continue to hold strong universal meaning to this day. During his lifetime, morality was at the forefront of society's concerns. Outstanding men such as Newton, Copernicus, Bacon, and Locke were leading great advances in science and reason, and these new ways of thinking, combined with the need for order and religious stability provided the perfect foundation for the development of the morality-based style of writing which is especially evident in his powerful tragedies.    ..........Shakespeare's tragic heroes and villains have flaws which are synonymous with Christian sins. Greed, lust, envy, and jealousy are consistently among the issues that arise with these characters. The idea that improper dealings with such evil emotions must surely lead to a terrible fate is consistently demonstrated. Sylvan Barnet notes that after creating this world of certain consequences the author adds a special "twist" to his tragedy "for it insists that the good are rewarded and the bad are punished" (227). In William Shakespeare's classic tragedy, Othello, the playwright emphasizes the belief in man's inability to control his own destiny because of the actions of rivals, the emotional conflict within himself, and the moral guidance of the universe.    ..........From the onset of this tragic play, conflict begins to brew in the soul of the title character's ensign, Iago. ... ...use of the actions of rivals, the emotional conflict within himself, and the moral guidance of the universe. Introduction I......Iago plants the seeds of hate. .......A..... Iago plots against Othello. ......B......Others are affected by Iago's web of revenge. ......C......Coincidence and opportunities for deceit arise. II.....Emotional conflict brews within the minds of the characters. ......A......Othello struggles with trust and honor. ......B......Iago is a product of his own insecurities. ......C......Roderigo, Emelia, and Cassio fight their emotions. III....In a triumph of morality, God's justice prevails. .......A.....Desdemona dies an innocent death, and Othello commits suicide. .......B......Cassio's honor is reinstated. .......C. ....Iago declares his silence and realizes his punishment. Conclusion

Macbeths Numerous Atmospheres :: Free Macbeth Essays

Macbeth's Numerous Atmospheres       The atmospheres in William Shakespeare's Macbeth are numerous, but begin as one surrealistic atmosphere initially with the witches' appearance at the outset. From there the atmosphere is incrementally added to regularly.    Charles Lamb in On the Tragedies of Shakespeare comments on the atmosphere surrounding the play:    The state of sublime emotion into which we are elevated by those images of night and horror which Macbeth is made to utter, that solemn prelude with which he entertains the time till the bell shall strike which is to call him to murder Duncan, - when we no longer read it in a book, when we have given up that vantage-ground of abstraction which reading possesses over seing, and come to see a man in his bodily shape before our eyes actually preparing to commit a muder, if the acting be true and impressive as I have witnessed it in Mr. K's performance of that part, the painful anxiety about the act, the natural longing to prevent it while it yet seems unperpetrated, the too close pressing semblance of reality,give a pain and an uneasiness [. . .]. (134)    D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearean Tragedy record's Charles Lamb's consideration of   Macbeth's atmosphere as essential to the purpose of the play:    For Lamb the essence of the tragedy in Macbeth lies in the poetically suggested atmosphere of horror and evil impulse, readily seized upon by the imagination of the perceptive reader, whereas stage representation concentrates the mind on the action. (133-34) Roger Warren comments in Shakespeare Survey 30 , regarding Trervor Nunn's direction of Macbeth at Stratford-upon-Avon in 1974-75, on opposing imagery used to support the opposing atmospheres of purity and black magic:    Much of the approach and detail was carried over, particularly the clash between religious purity and black magic. Purity was embodied by Duncan, very infirm (in 1974 he was blind), dressed in white and accompanied by church organ music, set against the black magic of the witches, who even chanted 'Double, double to the Dies Irae. (283) L.C. Knights in the essay "Macbeth" mentions equivocation, unreality and unnaturalness in the play - contributors to an atmosphere that may not be very realistic:    The equivocal nature of temptation, the commerce with phantoms consequent upon false choice, the resulting sense of unreality ("nothing is, but what is not"), which

Lets make the world a no clone zone :: essays research papers

Let’s Make the World a No-Clone Zone â€Å"Let’s Make the World a No-Clone Zone† is a very straightforward and powerful article which lists many reasons why anything and everything about cloning should be illegal. In her article Therese M. Lysaught acknowledges there is plenty of factual information or counter evidence that her opposition might use to fight her argument. Her purpose for writing this article is to get it set in peoples minds that cloning is morally and ethically wrong and should be banned completely. At the start of the article Therese has a very good thesis; â€Å"Banning the use of cloning to create babies doesn't go far enough, Even so-called ‘therapeutic’ or ‘research’ cloning involves the destruction of human embryos and therefore is not only problematic, but also immoral† (Lysaught par1). The thesis sets out her argument and lures the reader in with her powerful word choice and her appeal to emotion. Even if the readers already disagreed with the title they would be so intrigued by her well-written thesis they would have no choice but to just keep on reading. Therese Lysaught is attacking anyone and everyone who feels cloning should be legal. But her main targets are those with the bigger voice, the politicians. She comes across very intimidating in stating her side of the issue, using a lot of easy-to-follow, factual information, which most people are more likely going to be able to understand. For example, according to Lysaught, cloning is a technique used to make an embryo that is an exact copy of another organism, it does this "A sexually," which means without using sperm. There is also another form called †reproductive cloning† which is where the embryo is planted into the woman’s womb and grown to test the effects of various toxins, or to mine them for their stem cells(Lysaught par7). Ms. Lysaught does a good job being intimidating while at the same time she works the sympathy side of her issue, using the results of the animal test. A quote from her article states, â€Å"In animals, more than 90 pe rcent of cloning attempts fail to achieve live birth and live-born cloned animals suffer high rates of deformity and disability. Until these technical difficulties are worked out, the risk of harm to a cloned human is unacceptably high.† (Lysaught par11) both of these approaches work well to push her argument. She also anticipates questions and arguments from her opposition; for example, â€Å"In ‘their’ so called views, cloning chances to stop human suffering outweighs moral and ethical concerns about embryonic life.